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Ce analize trebuie făcute la copii și cât de des ?

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Există părinți care cred că analizele la copii trebuie făcute doar când aceștia sunt grav bolnavi, alții sunt de părere că analizele trebuie efectuate cât mai des, pentru siguranța copiilor și liniștea lor. Copiii au asistență gratuită de la medicul de familie, așa că, de fiecare dată când se îmbolnăvesc, medicul de familie indică analizele care trebuie efectuate, în funcție de simptomele pe care le are copilul.

Specialiștii consideră că analizele la copii trebuie indicate de medicul de familie, iar părinții, la primul semn de boală al copilului, să se prezinte de urgență la medic pentru că acesta este autorizat să consulte copilul și să ia decizii cu privire la setul de analize care trebuie efectuate, dacă trebuie efectuate.

„Medicii au foarte mare grijă de copii, dacă sunt solicitați atunci când trebuie, adică la primele semne de boală, însă părinții sunt refractari. Tratează copiii empiric, iar cazul se agravează și abia atunci ajung la medic, iar aceste greșeli duc la cazuri de nerezolvat. Orice mamă are în casă un termometru și ar trebui să-l folosească atunci când este nevoie. Este foarte important ca, atunci când un copil tușește sau îi curge nasul, părinții să nu-i mai permită să meargă la școală sau grădiniță. La orice simptom de boală copiii trebuie să fie supravegheați acasă”, spun medicii de familie vasluieni.

Analizele solicitate cel mai des de părinți

Cele mai uzuale analize pentru copiii mici pe care părinții le solicită în baza biletului de trimitere de la medicul de familie sunt: hemoleucograma completă, colesterolul, calcemia, glicemia, fibrinogenul, urmate de examenul de urină și urocultură. La acestea se adaugă coprocultura și examenul parazitologic. Alte analize care se efectuează, mai ales la intrarea în colectivitate, sunt exudatul faringian și cel nazal. Acestea le sunt indicate copiilor care răcesc des și au afecțiuni la nivelul aparatului respirator. Controlul colesterolului se face atunci când copilul este fie obez, fie supraponderal din cauza alimentației nepotrivite, bogată în grăsimi și dulciuri, dar nu numai.

Începând cu vârsta de cinci ani, trebuie urmărită și tensiunea arterială. Medicul ortoped trebuie și el contactat pentru a vedea dacă cel mic are probleme ortopedice sau deviații ale coloanei vertebrale. Scolioza și lordoza apar de la vârste fragede și trebuie corectate din timp pentru a putea fi tratate. Foarte important este și controlul dentar, care este indicat încă de la apariția primilor dinți de lapte, potrivit specialiștilor.

Pe lângă aceste analize de rutină, medicii sunt de părere că micuții ar trebui să facă examinările periodice, în funcție de vârstă. Analizele se fac pe baza unui barem periodic de evaluare, de exemplu pentru copiii până la cinci ani se face anual, iar în rest, în funcție de patologia copilului.

„Sunt cazuri în care mămicile vin și cer toate analizele, dar nu se poate. Dacă pe copil îl doare în gât, analizele se indică în conformitate cu diagnosticul pus de medicul de familie sau pediatru. Pledăm pentru prevenție, să nu mai existe automedicație, iar părinții să se prezinte din timp la medic. S-au înmulțit cazurile de boli infecțioase deoarece multe mame refuză vaccinarea. Trebuie educate mamele pentru a crea o legătură strânsă cu medicul de familie. Dacă nu se poate contacta medicul de familie, o mamă nu trebuie să se sfiască să apeleze la secția de urgențe, unde copilul nu este refuzat”, specifică medicii vasluieni.

 

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